Vintage Thing No. 31.4 - the UAZ-452 is now the YAZ--2206

Or it could be a UAZ-3303, a UAZ-3741, a UAZ-4909 Farmer, a UAZ-39094 or a UAZ-39265. It could even be an SBA-2M-1S with armoured protection. I’ll try to explain.

The UAZ-2206 is a sexed up version of the venerable UAZ-452, Russia's interpretation of a four-wheel-drive Ford Transit. The most noticeable difference is the revised front-end styling and the addition of a “kengurin.”

I can't be sure but I'm fairly certain that a “kengurin” is the Russian equivalent of a roo bar. Roo bars were originally an Australian invention designed to keep kangaroos from spoiling the paintwork of your and yer mate’s utes down under, kangaroos have notoriously poor traffic sense. Obviously kangaroos are not much of a problem in Outer Mongolia but there's probably plenty of other big wild things that could damage the front of your UAZ.

Peter Tuthill has sent me a copy of the UAZ-2206 brochure and although I don't speak or read Russian, I found it extremely interesting.

The basic specification of the UAZ-2206 hasn't changed much - it still has drum brakes (albeit servo assisted nowadays) and a separate chassis. The standard version retains the (92bhp or 69kW) 2445cc petrol engine. There are two versions of this, either by Zavolzhsky Motorny Zavod (ZMZ-402) or by Volzhskiye Motory (UMZ-4178). However, there is now a bigger optional engine, a 2.89 litre displacement lump (98bhp) – the UMZ-4218 by Volzhskiye Motory – that allows a higher top speed of 117 km/h, compared to 110 km/h for the smaller unit.

According to the Roscotrade website, this bigger engine is a new design that offers other advantages in addition to the increased capacity. By using an aluminium cylinder block and cast iron liners, internal friction has been reduced significantly. The weight saving has also enhanced the off-road performance and handling characteristics. The new engine takes 3 to 4 times less well and uses 1.5 litres less fuel in typical use.

It strikes me that the reduced oil capacity must make starting the thing a lot easier frozen steppes. I've heard stories of Russians and Mongolians having to light fires under the sumps of these things before the starter motor can persuade the engine to turnover because the oil has become so thick with the cold.

There is also a redesigned heater, an improved interior, more noise insulation and updated seats and upholstery. There is a greater range of colours and the charming option of “appliqué work”, which I interpret to mean the go faster stripe (graphic device) on the cab.

The old UAZ-452 still soldiers on as the UAZ-3303 pickup truck or the UAZ-3741 cargo van. The UAZ-4909 Farmer carries six passengers and 450 kg of freight in a separate compartment. It has a powerful heater and a table inside and is described as a truly universal machine combining cross-country capacity, universality and “cosiness”, and “an irreplaceable companion in trips for hunt, fishing and simply to the open country (sic).” The UAZ-39265 is a minibus version of the UAZ-4909 Farmer that can in standard form fold away its eats and take cargo. It also serves as a base for ambulance conversions. The UAZ-39094 is a crew-cab pickup version of the newer UAZ-2206. It seats 5 but isn’t quite as cosy as the UAZ-4909 Farmer, a vehicle to which I find myself rapidly warming, probably due to mention of all that cosiness, a most welcome optional extra when one is traversing the tundra. The armoured variant looks just like an ordinary cargo van but apparently it's quite difficult to get into if you've lost the keys.

It's a bit like not seeing the wood for the trees - when it comes to the products of the Ulyanovsky Avtomobilny Zavod plant at Ulyanovsk you’re almost spoilt for choice. The commercial vehicles share their running year with Russia's answer to the Land Rover, the UAZ-31512, the Jeep that has its origins in the old GAZ-69 but, like the old UAZ-452, this has involved over the last 48 years since the original UAZ-469 appeared in prototype form.

During that time, the engine size has grown steadily, beginning with a 2120cc (82mm x 100mm bore and stroke) 55 bhp unit that developed via a 70 bhp 88mm x100mm 2430cc motor into the “square” 2445cc (92mm x 92mm) version that also found a home in the GAZ-21 that was known as the Volga in Western export markets. According to my 1967 World Cars catalogue, the 2445cc engines used in the Volgas had aluminium blocks as well as aluminium cylinder heads whereas iron was used for the blocks in the jeeps and commercial vehicles.

Maybe the new ally block is not such an innovation. However, I suspect that development work over the years has reduced the capacity for oil and petrol consumption.

In the Volga, on a 7.6 to 1 compression ratio, maximum power is 95 bhp at 4,000 rpm using a K-105 carburettor – dontcha just love the anonymity of Russian brand names?

According to Peter's brochure, the 2.5 litre engine now puts out 92bhp and 159.8 Nm of torque. These figures rise to 98bhp and 189Nm for the 2.89 litre unit. If anyone knows the bore and stroke of the bigger motor, please drop me a line – I like to know these things. The latest versions of the bigger engine is rated at Euro 2 for emissions but the smaller, older unit is zero rated.

The ground clearance is 220mm and with such short front and rear overhangs a slope of 30° can be negotiated from the level without the bumpers grounding. Wading depth is 0.5m.

As you can probably tell, I have something of a soft spot for the game little UAZ 4x4 panel vans. Even the bigger engined variety probably wouldn't keep up with the traffic in Cornwall but their off-road reputation in Mongolia is formidable. The build quality of Russian vehicles under Communist rule was legendary for its inadequacy and, after such a long production run, panel fit is sure to have deteriorated even further by now.

These 4x4s can't have much of a future left but they have already passed into legend in their homeland and certain enthusiasts in the West, some of whom who have encountered these little beasts of burden in their natural environment, are already taking an interest in them.

Vintage Thing No. 31.3 - another UAZ 452 survivor

Just like the Siva Llamas, another UAZ-452 has come out of the woodwork. The woodwork in question belongs to Jon Clark's neighbour's shed and the UAZ is a bright blue pickup version, registered in 1979 and with right-hand drive. Since September it's belonged to Jon and he's planning to re-commission the little wagon. Considering the stories I've heard about build quality the panel fit doesn't look too bad. The 2445cc 4 cylinder engine turns over and he's freed the brakes off by hammering and pulling it a bit with a tractor.

Here's picture of this impressive machine, bodily pulling a Massey Ferguson tractor backwards up a steep slope.

Actually, for some reason this photo won't upload in any other orientation except this one. I've no idea why it won't lie down properly.

Currently, the fuel pump is blocked and due to be replaced by an electric one sourced in blighty. John hasn't driven it far. His initial impressions are of something similar to a contemporary Ford Transit except, of course, a Ford Transit doesn't have the same number of levers for its transmission or four-wheel-drive.

I was interested to see the Trekmaster badge because I'd never heard of the UAZ-452 being marketed in this country under such a name. It certainly trips off the tongue a bit more easily than UAZ-452 but, as with so many things that appear on Engine Punk, this part of the jigsaw only poses more questions. Who were Trekmaster and where were they based? John is based near Ipswich in Suffolk and his Trekmaster carries a local registration so they obviously weren't just sold a hill farmers or peculiar to Dartmoor.

According to some plates on the dash it was converted to right hand drive by Butel Autos Limited of The Foundry, Hook in Hampshire, distributors for Belaz trucks. These were off-road giant dump trucks and the firm's still going. At the 2000 MINExpo in Las Vegas, Belaz exhibited proposals for a 420 ton 4x4 dump truck.

Jon's Trekmaster still has some stickers on the dash in English on how to drive it. There's a lever for the high and low box and another to disengage drive to the front axle plus the usual gearlever for the four speed box. Another instruction is to "Disengage front axle when driving on dry hard roads."

An additional sticker gives the speeds in each gear depending on whether the high or low box is selected. Maximum speed in high is 59 mph while 3rd = 39mph, 2nd = 22mph, 1st = 14mph and reverse tops out at 11mph). Speeds in low are 6mph in reverse, 1st = 7, 2nd = 11mph, 3rd = 19mph and fourth is 29mph.

He tells me that he has about 80% of an English language handbook, which is more like a Haynes manual in terms of detail. This tends to reflect the arduous conditions that drivers of UAZ-452s might expect to meet its homeland. Particular mention is made in this handbook of draining the coolant at the end of each day and refilling it the following morning. There's no mention of using any antifreeze but a special feature is the lever connected to the bottom of the radiator that enables the driver that drain system without leaving his seat.

Bearing in mind that this vehicle is 30 years old this year, I think it's quite remarkable that it has survived for so long. I particularly like the colour. It reminds me of some of the lurid blues that British Leyland chose for their cars. One of my friends had a Triumph Dolomite Sprint in this colour and referred to it as Windscale blue because on certain moonlit nights it looked as if the car was glowing. I suppose the UAZ equivalent would be Chernobyl blue although that disaster was well into the future when this little fellow rolled off the production line.

From evidence supplied by the DVLA, Jon's truck has been off the road since 1986 and had probably been in the shed since then. He's already fitted a new ignition switch but lights and other wiring will need sorting out for the MOT. There is some rust but it doesn't look bad and Jon says the chassis is in really good nick.

All in all, it's quite a find.

If anyone has the other 20% of English language handbook, let me know and I'll pass the information on to Jon. He's promised me an account of his driving impressions when he's got it running properly.

I still have a funny feeling (like Mulder and Scully in The X Files) that there are more of them yet to be discovered. The Trekmasters are out there......